No. If a discount code is limited to a specific number of uses, a customer cannot use it again, even if they return the purchase.
For example, a discount code limited to one-time use will not be available again to a customer returning the original purchase in which they used the discount code.
Attempting to redeem the code will render the following error message:
To bypass the error message, navigate to the discount and temporarily adjust the Discount Order per Customer. After the customer redeems the discount, adjust the Discount Order per Customer back.